Marxs Theory of Money and the Theory of Value Essay

Marxs Theory of Money and the Theory of Value The most important point to emerge from Marxs theory of money is the idea that money is a form of value. The difficulty with this idea is that we are more familiar with money itself than with value in other forms. But value does appear in forms other than money. For example, the balance sheet of a capitalist firm estimates the value of goods in process and of fixed capital which has not yet been depreciated, as well as the value of inventories of finished commodities awaiting sale. Each of these aggregations of commodities has a value, usually expressed as the equivalent of a certain amount of money, but it is clear that neither goods in process nor fixed capital is money. Marx views the†¦show more content†¦There is no reason to think of the commodity form emerging historically before the money form. To the degree that we see the first, we will see the second, or reasons why the emergence of money is suppressed in the concrete situation. What we see historically are very di fferent stages of development of commodity relations, corresponding to different degrees of development of social production and to different forms of money. These differences in levels of development may give the illusion of an historical emergence of money separate from, and subsequent to, the emergence of commodities. But in such cases what is at issue is the particular form of money, or the way in which value manifests itself in the particular society. Even transactions which are apparently barter transactions, in that the equivalents exchanged are both concrete commodities, may best be analyzed as degenerate monetary transactions, in which the parties estimate the abstract value of their respective products, and finding them equal, or nearly equal, are able to avoid transferring money itself. Marx regards value, the general power of exchangeability that resides in commodities, as an expression of the labor expended in the production of the commodities. If we use the word labor for the more accurate phrase, abstract, sociallyShow MoreRelatedBiography Of Karl Marx s Writing On Class Conflict1335 Words   |  6 Pagesociety is told that through hard work and dedication anyone can become successful. Success in the United States is looked at as being a part of the elite. Though it may seem like the status may easily be reached, this is not, in fact the case. Karl Marx’s writing on class conflict suggest otherwise. Class conflict is still very relevant in present day’s society and can be seen throughout the levels of class. In today’s society you can see class conflict in the way that working class is under paid suchRead MoreEconomic Development Of China Through Marxian Economics And Neoclassical Economics1618 Words   |  7 PagesWith respect to economics, China’s capitalist market has become a key international player in global politics. One way of conceptualizing the phenomenon of economic expansion in China is through the examination of traditional and contemporary IR theories. China’s remarkable economic growth, which exemplifies their â€Å"socialist market economy model,† can be conceptualized by the structural change in the country’s internal dynamics such as institutional changes and configuration of labor as well as externalRead MoreKarl Marx History of Economic Thought1454 Words   |  6 Pages Christof Zanecchia 10-992-204 Professor Allgoewer Karl Marx: â€Å"A context for inevitable social revolution† Of particular interest in Rima’s summary and critique of Marx’s background and social/economic contributions is the quote: â€Å"It is not the consciousness of men that determines their being, but, on the contrary, their social existence that determines their consciousness.† Karl Marx, in reference to modes of productionRead MoreLife of Karl Marx Essays1493 Words   |  6 Pagesprovide a family life that would foster an environment conducive to the development of their children. His father hoped Karl would make a profound impact on the world. If he had only known how profound that impact would be. Marxs radical political ideas can be traced back to his high school years (1830-35). Several of his teachers and fellow students were engaged in quite liberal thinking. Marx wrote a report in high school in which he was to choose a professionRead MoreMarx and Weber Essay761 Words   |  4 Pagesreplace personal relations of dependence. In this essay I will discuss Marxs central question, his method of historical analysis and his concept of class, class struggle. With Weber, I will also discuss his central question, his method of verstehen, why his questions of are important to the foundations of sociology and the central point in â€Å" The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism.† Marxs central question was â€Å"why has the modern revolution not led to a better lifeRead MorePolitical Philosophy And The Natural Law856 Words   |  4 Pagespersons in a political or civil society are often distracted by fiscal success or recreational leisure. In society today, there exists a consensus reality with the prospect of money and power. This reality emanates from a scandalous and corrupted political system. As a result, there lacks the recognition of idealistic values on liberalism, human rights, and the natural law. There have been several philosophers who have tried to conceptualize what constitutes a political philosophy. Several theoristsRead MoreKarl Marx : A German Influential Philosopher And One Of The Intellectual Fathers Of Communism1477 Words   |  6 Pagesthe effects these changes had on individual workers and society. This introduced many of his theories, one of which was the idea of alienated labor. Alienated labor was written in 1844, Marx sets the v iew that alienated labor focuses on the idea that industrialized capitalism changes the very nature of an individual’s labor from that of creation to that of a form of exploitation. Marx developed his theory of alienation to reveal the human activity that dominates a society. He showed how, althoughRead MoreMarx s Theory On Class Conflict And Society Essay1453 Words   |  6 Pageswho was called the sociologist who analyze and try to understand how this society works. Marx was one of them and his ideas were influential. His theory mostly emphasis on class conflict and the society from economic aspects. This essay will first analyze Marx’s theory in detail. Then I will explain how economy and social conflict related to Marx’s theory along with the role of these factors in the capitalist society. Marx defined social class as the class which sets the scene and moves things forwardRead MoreMovie Analysis : The American Dream 860 Words   |  4 Pagesaudience, movie producers and directors are very highly skilled in the ways of doing so. We see many examples of how different social problems can be reflected in films. In two films that have been discussed and seen in class, Kingsman and Mad Max, the theories of Karl Marx and the desire to fulfill the â€Å"American Dream† are prominent throughout both of the films. Matthew Vaughn’s Kingsman is a perfect representation of the quest for the â€Å"American Dream†. The â€Å"American Dream†, in this context, is the opportunityRead MoreTheme Of Imperialism In Heart Of Darkness1052 Words   |  5 PagesKarl Marx’s school of thought, also known as Marxism, relates society back to economic and political motive. The school of thought says that economic power is the fuel behind all peoples motives. He also states that socioeconomic statuses in our society is what divides us into subgroups. This imperialistic way of thinking is is beneath the surface all throughout Joseph Conrad’s book, Heart of Darkness. The book is centered around a sailor named Marlow, who is sailing up the Congo river to transport

Degree in Criminal Justice Use a Criminal Justice Background to Work as a Paralegal 2019

According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, job growth in the paralegal field is expected to be 27% or more through the year 2018. The driving force behind this predicted increase is the attempt to provide more affordable and efficient availability of legal services in the coming years. Although many students enter the profession through formal paralegal training programs, a degree in criminal justice is an alternative path to joining the rapidly expanding discipline of paralegal studies. What is a Paralegal? Paralegal jobs with a criminal justice degree involve many of the same tasks performed by an attorney. Lawyers delegate tasks, such as researching facts and preparing documents for court, to the paralegal with a criminal justice degree. Paralegals are also able to help draft contracts, mortgages, separation agreements, and tax returns. In fact, the only activities paralegals cannot legally perform are the five activities categorized as practicing law: giving legal advice, signing legal pleadings and papers on behalf of a party, appearing in court on behalf of another, and setting and collecting fees for legal services. Paralegals use legal terminology, and document their findings and opinions related to assigned cases to a supervising attorney. As the law becomes larger, professionals who pursue a paralegal career, with criminal justice degree credentials, typically specialize in a certain area of the law. Possible areas of concentration include labor law, intellectual property, criminal law, immigration, and real estate. .u974de7f8ba8b0b0d8b9a4f9998575df3 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u974de7f8ba8b0b0d8b9a4f9998575df3:active, .u974de7f8ba8b0b0d8b9a4f9998575df3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u974de7f8ba8b0b0d8b9a4f9998575df3 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u974de7f8ba8b0b0d8b9a4f9998575df3 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u974de7f8ba8b0b0d8b9a4f9998575df3 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u974de7f8ba8b0b0d8b9a4f9998575df3:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Earning a Bachelor's Degree in Paralegal StudiesEducational Requirements to Work as a Paralegal There are approximately 1,000 official paralegal training programs at the associates degree, bachelors degree, and masters degree level. However, many professionals choose to use a bachelors degree in criminal justice to enter the field. Often employers will provide on-the-job training in legal activities for the worker with a criminal justice degree or a bachelors degree in a related discipline. In addition to earning a bachelors degree in criminal justice, there are also formal certification and training programs available. Certification as a paralegal is not required for employment, but it may increase competitiveness in the job market. Opportunities for Advancement as a Paralegal As with many other occupations, as a paralegal gains more experience, he or she is typically given more responsibility and less supervision on the job. A paralegal career with criminal justice degree credentials may also lead to supervising other paralegals or obtaining a management position within a law firm or corporate legal department. Some paralegals also choose to go on to law school after gaining experience in the legal field. Working as a paralegal can offer insight into a professionals interest in law, can teach legal terminology, and can provide case reading prior to even stepping foot in a law school classroom. .uf6cc840de0d8f959d63d1b008866ba77 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .uf6cc840de0d8f959d63d1b008866ba77:active, .uf6cc840de0d8f959d63d1b008866ba77:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .uf6cc840de0d8f959d63d1b008866ba77 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .uf6cc840de0d8f959d63d1b008866ba77 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .uf6cc840de0d8f959d63d1b008866ba77 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .uf6cc840de0d8f959d63d1b008866ba77:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Online BSN Program Do Employers Differentiate between ADN and BSN NursesEarning a Degree in Criminal Justice A host of criminal justice degree programs exist as well. Typical programs, such as the criminal justice degree online offered at Warren National University, offer education in both administrative and hands-on aspects of the field. Students working towards a bachelors degree in criminal justice study courses such as: administration of justice, criminal investigation, written communication in criminal justice, and the American court system. Florida Metropolitan University Online has a Paralegal Associates Degree as well as a Paralegal Bachelors Degree for students interested in the field. Kaplan University offers an Associate of Arts and Sciences in Paralegal Studies and a Bachelor of Science in Paralegal Studies. Their Bachelors Degree in Paralegal Studies extends to its students such specializations as Alternative Dispute Resolution, Office Management, and Personal Injury. Kaplan also has an advanced program for their bachelors degree called Advanced Start in BS Paralegal Studies. .u5f7dbaf4bd1ff8165127d0b97a19120d { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u5f7dbaf4bd1ff8165127d0b97a19120d:active, .u5f7dbaf4bd1ff8165127d0b97a19120d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u5f7dbaf4bd1ff8165127d0b97a19120d { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u5f7dbaf4bd1ff8165127d0b97a19120d .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u5f7dbaf4bd1ff8165127d0b97a19120d .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u5f7dbaf4bd1ff8165127d0b97a19120d:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ How to Prepare for an InterviewAttending an online college for a criminal justice degree can be a convenient way to maintain work and family responsibilities and gain access to programs that would otherwise be unavailable in some locations. The occupation of paralegal encompasses a wide variety of activities and career paths. Salaries range from $34,000 with state government positions to more than $80,000 for private law-firm positions. Becoming a paralegal is just one job option for the versatile degree in criminal justice and can lead the way to a lucrative, stable career or be followed by a challenging three years of law school. Related ArticlesParalegal Degree Options OnlineEmployment Opportunities With an Associates Degree in Criminal JusticeFind Law, Criminal Justice, Social Science Degree ProgramsAssociate Degree in Criminal Justice Boost Earning Potential and Streamline into the Criminal Justice WorkforceDegree Programs for the ParalegalEarning a Bachelors Degree in Paralegal Studies

The Soul and the Body The Writings of Plato - 1766 Words

The Soul and the Body Philosophy is an old profession going back to the beginnings of recorded history. Since the times of the Greeks and Romans, people have taken it upon themselves to question the reality of their worlds and to wonder what it is that causes people to behave the ways that they do and what it means even to just be human. Plato, one of the most famous of the ancient philosophers, was taught by another most famous philosopher, Socrates a man perhaps even better known than him. Unfortunately, Socrates was extremely critical of the social structure of his culture as well as established beliefs and thus subject to legal consequences for his public and highly objection-able criticisms of the regime then in control. Finally, the government decided to put Socrates on trial; he was found guilty and executed via poisoned drink, his choice of suicide methods. Through his experiences with his teacher Socrates, the thought processes of Plato were modified and modulated in everything, including in the concept of human existence and the human soul which are expressed in his writings, especially those which recreate the final moments of Socrates life and would serve to immortalize that mans ideas. The writings of Plato compare Socrates to various everyday beings which he represents. In the Apology tells the story of the trial of Socrates and the various people who testified to his being a danger to the society and that he was guilty of corrupting Athenian youth. InShow MoreRelatedThe Greek Philosophers And The Philosophers1422 Words   |  6 PagesThe Greek philosophers did not explain the world using Gods. Instead, they preferred to explain the world using principles. These principles were fundamental in how the philosophers taught their students. Three philosophers, Plato, Epicures, and Aristotle, used different principles to help them explain the world and the universe around them. In this essay, the principles of these three philosophers will be explained and then compared with each other. When the philosophers spoke of principles, theyRead MoreGreek Philosophy And The Greek Creation1593 Words   |  7 PagesC. to the 16th century is Plato. Plato was often thought as one of the most influential philosophers of all time. He was a Classical Greek philosopher, a student of Socrates (Father of philosophy the inventor of the Socratic method), a teacher to Aristotle, mathematician, writer of philosophical dialogues, and the founder of the Academy in Athens. Along with his mentor, Socrates,, Plato helped to lay the foundations of Western philosophy and science. Plato was born around 428 B.C. duringRead MorePlato Is One Of The Greatest And Well Known Philosophers1388 Words   |  6 Pages Plato is one of the greatest and well known philosophers of all time. Born around 428 BC, Plato grew up in Greece learning from Socrates, another well known philosopher. Later in life, Plato taught Aristotle who was also a well known philosopher. His works of writing and thoughts about life have significantly impacted the Western culture in numerous ways. In selected readings of Plato, he seems to place importance on wisdom, and how to attain wisdom. Plato argues that in order to attain pure knowledgeRead MorePhaedo by Plato1189 Words   |  5 Pagessensory experiences. Empiricist see the importance of sensory experiences in order to provide answers about the natural world. Each view has their benefits and drawbacks but each play a vital role in the discussion about knowledge. The philosopher Plato is considered to be a rationalist thinker. In Plato’s Phaedo, he shows the reader that the five senses are not what one should rely on. The senses do not provide us with truth. One’s surroundings are constantly changing thus, their senses must changeRead MorePlatos Views on Life after Death1388 Words   |  6 Pageshis writing he does demonstrate that there is in fact life after physical death, which is widely attributed to his notion of the soul. Plat always viewed the soul as an entity that was distinct from the physical body. Moreover, while the physical body was destined to die, the soul was enduring, interminable, and destined to go on somewhere in some state of being. In just what sort of way the soul would endure was a matter of question, in which at various points in his career as a writer Plato offeredRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Modern Day Psychology1401 Words   |  6 Pagestranslates as psuche which means the vital breath or the human soul. Philosophers such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle have had great influence on the ideas of modern day psychology. There interpretations of the mind, soul, and behavior have a strong association with the thoughts and theories of psychologists such as Freud, Skinner, Pavlov, and others. Socrates is considered the founding figure of western philosophy. There are no writings by Socrates himself, much of what we know comes from Plato’sRead MoreThe Complicated Life of Socrates1183 Words   |  5 Pagesaccurately represented in the modern world. Since there aren’t any writings from Socrates himself, his life, beliefs, and philosophy has to be depicted through the writings of Plato, Aristophanes, Aristotle and Xenophon, with Plato being the most informational and dependable source. These writers that do mention Socrates in their writings aren’t always accurate and are sometimes very contradicting and inconsistent. In Plato’s writing, it is difficult to distinguish the ideas and beliefs of SocratesRead MoreAncient Greek Philosophy -Paper776 Words   |  4 Pagesconfidence in the power of the mind Greeks used observation and reason to determine why things happened, they opened up a new way of looking at human existence. During the time of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle it was a crime to investigate the things above the heavens and below the Earth. Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle were well known philosophers. Their research contributed to modern science and the development of Western political thought. Socrates, born in 5th century BCE, makes aRead MoreThe Influence of Platos Theories on Chrisianity1169 Words   |  5 Pagesdivine beings and demi-humans also played a significant role in the Hellenistic culture. The worship of these deities was the mainstream of religion during the Hellenistic period until the rise of the great philosophers. Amongst these philosophers, Plato emerged as one of the founding fathers of Western philosophy. Living from roughly 428 BCE until 348 BCE, Plato’s theories predated Christianity by at least four centuries. Because of this, it can be assumed that early Christian worshippers used Plato’sRead MoreThe Allegory of the Cave Essay1600 Words   |  7 Pagesa concept that demonstrates how humans are fearful of change and what they don’t know. Plato says that men are living in an underground cave and it is a situation. The Allegory of the Cave is Platos explanation of the education of the soul toward enlightenment. Plato talks about being free, everyday life, knowledge, and essentially what he wrote to be true. I think that he was very unique with his writings because there are so many ways to look at the world and his way was just one. He was educated

How Feminism Changed The Lives Of Women, Men And Families...

Prewriting Techniques I. Brainstorm 1. How each wave of feminism changed the lives of women, men and families 2. More women were able to get an education, so more minds contributed to discovers and breakthroughs, more people in the workforce, less strain on men to be sole provider 3. Stay at home dads, reversed gender roles II. Questioning 1. Who- Women, men and families 2. What – Feminism 3. When – when did feminism begin 4. How- How did feminism begin 5. Why- Why did feminism begin III. Scratch Outline Introduction- Feminism significantly changed the way society views women because it challenged and demanded the inclusion women in social and political circles in a very patriarchal society. As a result, feminism greatly changed the lives of women everywhere and in many aspects of society especially in regards to education, the workforce and gender issues of equality. Plan of Development 1. What is Feminism 2. How did it start 3. What were each wave about and how did it affect the lives of women, men and families? 4. How did it transform: education for women, men and families? 5. Workforce 6. Gender issues: change in gender/sex roles. Feminism is the belief that men and women are equal and it advocates women’s rights for social, political, and economical equality to men. Feminism significantly changed the way society views women because it challenged and demanded the inclusion women in social and political circles in a very patriarchal society. There wereShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Feminist Movement and Domestic Violence651 Words   |  3 PagesFeminism has not changed today, but its focus has changed. Many women today have good education and employment opportunities just like men, as the early feminist fought for them. Now, after getting all these, men are now discriminating them and at times abusing them in order to undermine their hard work and potentiality. Men are doing all they can to undermine the success women have been able to acquired, however, today’s feminism is struggling to protect women and girls from domestic violence, sexualRead MoreThe Relationship Between Gender Identities And So cial Identities1442 Words   |  6 Pagesof research into these two topics and then relate to how that effects the inequality or equality of gender. I will also look at the ways in which girls dis-identify with feminism and why? As well as looking at how girl’s ambitions have changed since the 1970’s. I also look at why men may be just as suppressed as women by society and its norms and values. The connection between gender and social inequalities and identities has progressively changed. Feminists have been at the forefront of changing societiesRead MorePatriarchy And Gendered Inequality?1421 Words   |  6 PagesDo you agree that feminism remains a highly relevant ideology in its challenge to patriarchy and gendered inequality? The aim of this essay is to present some very important aspects of feminism as an ideology and its importance in today s world. It is commonly believed, that feminism is no longer needed and should be considered as successfully completed movement. However, there are many misinterpretations of this ideology, which should be corrected in order to fully understand its prime postulatesRead MoreFeminism : The Second Wave Of Feminism1222 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is feminism? Feminism is a definition to philosophy in which women and their contributions are valued. It is based on a social political and economical which is an equality for women. It’s a revolution that includes women and men who who wish the world to be equal without boundaries. The evolution of the rights of women in Australia owes much to successive waves of feminism, or the women s movement. The first of these took place in the late 19th century and was concerned largely with gainingRead MoreThe Media Shape And Rei nforce Feminism1477 Words   |  6 PagesThe Media Shape and Reinforce Feminism Why cannot female characters be stronger? The role of media is representing the social status that reflects the actual situation of the female in society’s different aspects. However, female characters do not have enough representation because males take most of the important roles in different kinds of media. Female characters are always represented as one-sided and more reliant on male characters. Even though there is a trend of misrepresentation of femalesRead MoreFeminism And Women s Suffrage Essay1360 Words   |  6 PagesFeminism is a critique of patriarchy, on the one hand, and an ideology committed to women’s emancipation on the other. The feminist movement can be see mainly in 3 stages in the UK. It can be argued that feminism had its day due to lack of momentum behind a third and fourth stage of its movement resulting in a decline of feminism in this generation. In this essay, I will be focusing more attention on the first and second waves of feminism compa red to third stage of feminism. The first wave of feminismRead MoreFeminism Throughout History1698 Words   |  7 PagesFeminism Throughout history, women around the globe have been struggling to gain rights that are equal to men in the society. Women have been struggling to obtain respect, equality, and the same rights men have in the society. However, this has been difficult to them because of patriarchy, an ideology whereby, men are always considered to be superior to women, and have the right to control women. This thought has spread widely among the social structures of the society around the globe and thisRead MoreThe Black And White Women Of Jacobs s Book Form Bonds974 Words   |  4 PagesHow do the black and white women of Jacobs’s book form bonds in response to maledemands and how does race impact â€Å"sisterhood† or feminism in the era before the Civil War: Argument: feminist Advocacy: Before Civil War a new wave of feminism is raised in America and soon spread out all over the world because in that time women of America was self-employed and they did jobs, face different problems. Therefore, we say the next wave of feminism is the feminism’s second wave.In this waveRead MoreHow Far Did The 1960s Transform The Position Of British Women?1491 Words   |  6 PagesHow far did the 1960s transform the position of British women? The second-wave feminism has been the driving force behind the Women’s Liberation Movement, which is synonymous within the twenty years in the later part of the twentieth century, beginning in 1960 and ending in 1980. The movement, in the past, had an impact on various aspects of social life to men and women; and this impact is still showcased in areas including, but not limited to; women’s health, fertility trends, laws and legislationsRead MoreWomens Legal and Political Rights Essay1275 Words   |  6 Pages Until the end of 18th century there was a large opposition to womens legal and political rights, though some improvements were made, the issue of giving women the vote was still highly opposed. Feminism is linked to the womens movement and is commonly connected with two basic beliefs, that women are disadvantaged because of their sex, and that this disadvantage should be overthrown. Since the nineteenth century womens movement gained a central focus of the

Escape and Confinement in Flaubert’s Madame Bovary Free Essays

A theme throughout Flaubert’s Madame Bovary is escape versus confinement. In the novel Emma Bovary attempts again and again to escape the ordinariness of her life by reading novels, having affairs, day dreaming, moving from town to town, and buying luxuries items. It is Emma’s early education described for an entire chapter by Flaubert that awakens in Emma a struggle against what she perceives as confinement. We will write a custom essay sample on Escape and Confinement in Flaubert’s Madame Bovary or any similar topic only for you Order Now Emma’s education at the convent is perhaps the most significant development of the dichotomy in the novel between confinement and escape. The convent is Emma’s earliest confinement, and it is the few solicitations from the outside world that intrigue Emma, the books smuggled in to the convent or the sound of a far The chapter mirrors the structure of the book it starts as we see a satisfied women content with her confinement and conformity at At first far from being boredom the convent, she enjoyed the company of the nuns, who, to amuse her, would take her into the chapel by way of a long corridor leading from the dining hall. She played very little during the recreation period and knew her catechism well. The chapter is also filled with images of girls living with in the protective walls of the convent, the girls sing happily together, assemble to study, and pray. But as the chapter progresses images of escape start to dominate. But these are merely visual images and even these images are either religious in nature or of similarly She wished she could have lived in some old manor house, like those chatelaines in low wasted gowns who spent their days with their elbows on the stone sill of a gothic window surmounted by trefoil, chin in hand watching a white plumed rider on a black horse galloping hem from far across the country. (Flaubert 32. ) As the chapter progresses and Emma continues dreaming while in the convent the images she conjures up are of exotic and foreign lands. No longer are the images of precise people or event but instead they become more fuzzy and chaotic. The escape technique that she used to conjure up images of heroines in castles seems to lead inevitably And there were sultans with long pipes swooning on the arbors on the arms of dancing girls; there were Giaours, Turkish sabers and fezzes; and above all there were wan landscapes of fantastic ountries: palm trees and pines were often combined in one picture with tigers on the right a lion on the left. (Flaubert 33. ) Emma’s dreams by this point are chaotic with both palms and pines mixed together with lions and tigers. These dreams continue and change themselves into a death wish as swans transform themselves into dying swans, and singing into funeral music. But Emma although bored with her fantasy refuses to admit it and she starts to revolt against the confines of the convent until the Mother Superior was glad to see The chapter about Emma Bovary’s education at the convent is ignificant not only because it provides the basis for Emma’s character, but also because the progression of images in this chapter is indicative of the entirety of the novel. The images progress from confinement to escape to chaos and disintegration. In Madame Bovary Emma changes from a women content with her marriage, to a women who escapes from the ordinariness of her everyday life through affairs and novels, to a women whose life is so chaotic that she disintegrates and kills herself. Indeed, Madame Bovary is like a poem comprised of a Emma Bovary found interest in the things around her which revent her boredom in her early education it was the novels she read, â€Å"They were filled with love affairs, lovers, mistresses, persecuted ladies fainting in lonely country houses. She also found interest in the sea but only because it was stormy. But all the things that Emma found interest in she soon became board of from Charles to Leon. This cycle of boredom and the progression of images of confinement, escape, and chaos, parallel both in the Chapter on Emma’s education and the novel as a whole the entire mural of the novel as Emma’s journey from boredom in reality to self-destruction in fantasy. How to cite Escape and Confinement in Flaubert’s Madame Bovary, Papers

Personality in Psychology for Reliability- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about thePersonality in Psychology for Reliability and Validity. Answer: Idiographic and the nomothetic approaches to the study of Psychology Scholars of personality fall into two main categories, those that patronize the idiographic school of thought and the nomothetic. Proponents of the idiographic approach hold the view that certain traits are held uniquely by one individual and for this reason; it is not possible to compare people like for like. The nomothetic approach on the other hand studies traits that are assumed to have similar psychological impacts for everyone (Beltz et al., 2016). The distinctive feature of these approaches could be the natural sciences and the social sciences. Natural science is known to produce laws and can be equated to the nomothetic approach while natural sciences whose main pre-occupation is interpretation of laws is comparable to the idiographic approach. Both of these approaches are similar in the sense that they both seek to understand the personality traits in individuals. reliability and validity In research, reliability and validity are used together to refer the level to which the tools of research ensure credible data. However, reliability applies to the capacity of a tool of research to obtain the same results when used severally on the same case or phenomenon (Hellen and Smith, 2015). As such, a reliable tool of research should not vary the scores of research over time. Validity on the other hand is the extent to which a tool of research obtains a score that represents the variable they are intended to measure. One of the ways of gauging validity is the measure of reliability. When a tool passes the test-retest reliability, then it is considered to be valid. Both these terms, therefore, are used to deduce the extent to which tools of research can produce credible results. Should intelligence be considered as a personality trait? The debate as to whether intelligence is a personality trait has dominated academic cycles over the years; those that disagree hold the view that since it is a cognitive process, it cannot be a personality trait (Di Fabio, 2016). However, a second school of thought opines that the distinction between what is cognitive and what is not is vague. They base their argument on the fact that all personality traits have cognitive attributes. Intelligence has been tested by IQ tests and persons of a cross section of personality traits have been found to score high on this test. This is because intelligence is an intrinsic ability that prepares an individual to make judgment in various situations. In certain circumstances, intelligence can influence the personality of an individual. For example, a highly intelligent person may take precaution when being rushed into a lucrative business deal. However, such traits may only be visible when crucial decisions have to be made and as such, intelligence should not be categorized as a personality trait. Methods of reducing response sets Response sets are scenarios where the respondents respond to questions in a way to portray the respondent in a certain light. The results of the survey in such cases do not portray the respondents actual behavoiur or feelings. To check this bias, instructors can either warn the respondents against inaccurate responses or they could request honesty. They could also ask them to take the test in a short time frame such that they only record their first thoughts (Johnson and Wythe, 2013). Instructors could also employ the use of multiple questions while assessing the same attribute. A dishonest respondent will be detected easily because he/she is likely to average the positive and negative responses in a deliberate move to balance the answers. Trick questions can be applied by an instructor especially multiple choice questions that contain no right answer. This technique may be used to probe earlier responses. Is Freudian Theory a good theory? Sigmund Freud is famous for his psychoanalytic theory of personality development. In his thoughts, personality is formed through conflict among the fundamental structures of id, ego and superego that exist in the mind of man. Freud postulated ideas about dreams stating that they serve to preserve sleep (Alexander and Hanns, 2017). This, according to Freud, happens by repressing as fulfilled wishes that could awaken the dreamer. He saw dreams as products of the daily occurrences and thoughts of man. Freud also promoted views that portrayed femininity as inferior to the male through such concepts as the Oedipus complex (Flemming, 2016). It is a good theory for study. Although Freudian thinking is still part of academic discourse, it seems to have been overtaken by modern understanding of concepts. The science about dreams has been studied further and there is proof that not all dreams are as a result of the thought processes of individuals. Some people have had premonitions through their dreams about future events. Contemporary thinking has also proven that the development of female sexuality was a defensive response that was based on the cultural structures during the Freudian era as opposed to the biological asymmetry as postulated by Freud. This theory has however provoked further study into human development and will remain a point of focus for many years to come. Although many of his ideas have been criticized, Freuds theory is a good theory as most of his critics havent provided revolutionary concepts opposing him. It is for this reason that Freudian theory will continue to be a guide to modern psychoanalysts. Works cited Alexander, F., and Hanns Sachs. "Sigmund Freud."Studies in Gender and Sexuality18 (2017): 2. Beltz, Adriene M., et al. "Bridging the nomothetic and idiographic approaches to the analysis of clinical data."Assessment23.4 (2016): 447-458. Di Fabio, Annamaria. "Beyond fluid intelligence and personality traits in social support: the role of ability based emotional intelligence."Frontiers in psychology6 (2015). Fleming, James. "Freud's Oedipus Complex Theory: Definition Overview."Study. com.. Np, nd Web20 (2016). Johnson, Dan R., and Wythe L. Whiting. "Detecting subtle expressions: Older adults demonstrate automatic and controlled positive response bias in emotional perception."Psychology and aging28.1 (2013): 172. Noble, Helen, and Joanna Smith. "Issues of validity and reliability in qualitative research."Evidence-Based Nursing(2015): ebnurs-2015.